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This book, CNG Station Practical Engagement was written by S-Abdulmalik. You will be reading a sample copy of the book in this post.
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CHAPTER ONE: NATURAL GAS
Natural Gas is a naturally occurring mixture of gaseous and Carbon (hydrocarbon) consisting primarily of methane in addition to various smaller amount of other higher alkanes such as propane among others.
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) is a fuel gas mainly composed methane (CH4), compressed to less than 1% of the volume if occupies at standard atmospheric pressure.
OPERATING OF CNG FILLING STATION
CNG is becoming the fuel of choice for the automotive transportation industry. CNG has a strong potential for growth as if more efficient, less expensive, and safer than fuel. As natural gas vehicles are gaining importance, CNG refueling stations are being established. At CNG filling stations, the natural gas from the pipeline is compressed to provide high quality and safe compressed natural gas to vehicles.
CNG REFUELLING STATION
A CNG refueling station is a place that provides fuel to natural gas vehicle and large CNG substation vehicles. The station includes energy in the form of compressed natural gas (CNG).
CNG STATIONS TYPE AND CATEGORIES
Conventional Station
The mother stations
Sub-station
Fleet or Retail station
CNG CONVENTIONAL STATION
The Conventional stations are built in places where natural gas pipelines can pass, and take gas directly from natural gas pipelines. Natural gas goes through processes such as desulfurization and dehydration, enters the compressor for compression, and then enters the gas vending machine to refuel vehicles.
CNG MOTHER STATION
CNG mother station are used to fill large volume of CNG into mobile storage trailers. They are mainly built in the place near the natural gas pipeline gate station, taking gas directly from the natural gas pipeline, through the process of desulfurization, dehydration, e.t.c, into the compressor for compression, and then transported to the sub-station through the trailer with storage cylinders to refuel vehicles, it also has the function of a convectional station.
SUB-STATION OF CNG
CNG sub-station are also known as the daughter station. They are built in place around the refueling station without natural gas pipeline, through the sub-station operating vehicles from the mother station to refuel natural gas vehicles, generally also need, it is usually equipped with small compressors and storage cylinders. To improve the gas collection rate of the operating vehicles, and then transfer it to the storage cylinder set or directly refuel the natural gas vehicle.
CNG STATION UNITS OF OPERATIONS
Compressor Unit:
Central to any CNG Station, the compressor unit are responsible for compressing. These unit are designed to be energy efficient and robust, providing seamless operation throughout the day.
Storage Units:
CNG station feature high pressure storage vessels that surely hold the compressed natural gas. There vessels engineered with advanced material and safety features to ensure safe storage and dispensing.
Dispensing Units:
The dispensing units of CNG stations are equipped with state of the art nozzles and meters that facilitate quick and accurate refueling of vehicles. These unit can handle different vehicle type and ensure a smooth and control flow of natural gas.
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Monitoring and Control Unit:
Modern CNG stations are equipped with sophisticated monitoring and control system (PRMS). There technologies enable real time monitoring of gas level, pressure, and equipment performance, ensuring safety and efficient operations.
REFUELLING PROCESS OF CNG
The natural gas of the refueling station is drawn from the high pressure or medium natural gas pipeline network.
Then, it enters the dryer after filtering and metering and then enters the compressor for pressurization after being dried.
After that, it is buffered by the buffer tank, and then fill the natural gas for the storage well set through the priority/sequence control panel, or directly delivered to the refueling CNG fueled vehicles.
We can also use the natural gas in the storage well set to re-fuel vehicles through the refueling machine
MAIN EQUIPMENT OF CNG REFUELING STATION
Filter
Flow meter
Regulator
Dryer
Buffer tank
Compressor
Recovery tank
Sequence control panel
Gas storage well
10. Gas storage cylinder set (large and small)
11. Gas filling machine
THE FLEET OR RETAIL STATION OF CNG
Unlike gasoline or diesel stations, compressed natural gas (CNG) stations are not “one size fit all” Building a CNG station for a retail application or a fleet requires calculating the right combination of pressure and storage needed for the type of vehicles being fueled. Making the right choices about the size of compressor and the amount of storage at the station will impact the cost of fuel and range for vehicles.
TYPES OF CNG RETAIL STATIONS
Fast Fill:
All public CNG stations have a fast-fill option. Fast -fill stations receive fuel from a local utility line at a low pressure and then use a compressor on site to compress the gas to a high pressure. Once compressed, the CNG moves to a series of storage vessels so the fuel available for a quick fill up. CNG can also be delivered via dispensers alongside gasoline or other fuel dispensers. Generally fast-sill stations are best suited for retail situations where vehicles arrive randomly and need to fill up quickly.
Diagram illustrate Fast-fill CNG Station
Time Fill:
Time-Fill stations are used primarily by fleets and work best for vehicles with large tanks that refuel at a central location every night. At a time-fill station, a fuel line from a utility delivers natural gas at a low pressure to a compressor on site. Unlike fast-fill stations, vehicles at time-fill stations are generally filled directly from the compressor, not from fuel stored in high pressure vessels. The size of the compressor needed depend on the number of vehicles to be fueled.
Combination Fill CNG Station:
Combination-fill stations include both the fast-fill components in one system. The vehicles connected to the time-fill post are filled directly from the compressor, usually overnight. Vehicles at the fast-fill dispensers are filed from the storage vessels or from the compressor, depending upon need. This design gives a fleet flexibility. Combination-fill stations typically cost more to build than the previous two stations types. A combination-fill station can also be a revenue source if the fast-fill dispensers are made available to the public.